Per: laís da silva oliveira (Instituto Militar de Engenharia), Andersan dos Santos Paula (Instituto Militar de Engenharia), RAFAEL RAMOS (Instituto Militar de Engenharia)
Abstract:
Tool steels, particularly the H series, are designed to withstand extreme heat, pressure and abrasion, used in punching and forming at high temperatures with a strong and tough martensitic structure. The martensitic transformation occurs upon cooling, above a critical rate, between the start and end temperatures of this transformation, resulting in high hardness, but potential brittleness, mitigated by tempering, which relieves internal. The H series includes the subgroup H13, based on alloying elements like chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, each contributing structural changes that confer specific properties such as impact resistance and softening. Tool steel production can involve powder metallurgy or casting, followed by heat treatments – prior annealing, in some cases, and quenching followed by tempering in one or more stages. With the literature review carried out, it was possible to elucidate how their mechanical properties are achieved in the non-thermoelastic martensitic transformation, and subsequent tempering, supported by diffusion, highlighting the importance and main applications of H series tool steels